Advanced · 1-dars · Dars qoʻllanmasi
Zamon va aspekt: chuqur takrorlash
Advanced darajasiga xush kelibsiz, aziz oʻquvchim!
Siz har bir zamonni nomi bilan bilasiz. 7 ball darajasida ularga boshqacha qaraymiz: oʻn ikkita alohida qoida sifatida emas, har safar gapirganda qiladigan ikki tanlov sifatida. Zamon qachonligini aytadi (oʻtmish, hozir, kelajak). Aspekt harakatga qanday qarashingizni aytadi: butunligicha, davom etayotgan, bir nuqtadan oldin tugagan yoki oʻsha nuqtagacha davom etgan. Buni koʻrganingizdan keyin “I’ve read” va “I’ve been reading” jumboq boʻlmay qoladi.
Bu daraja eng qiyin Academic IELTS savol turlarini ham olib keladi: Listening da rejaga belgi qoʻyish va moslashtirish, Reading da xususiyatlarni moslashtirish, qisqa javobli savollar va uchtasini tanlash, Writing Task 1 da doiraviy diagramma va jadvallar, Speaking Part 2 dagi uzun javob. Avval shu qoʻllanmani oʻqing: Aspekt laboratoriyasi har bir shaklni vaqt chizigʻida koʻrsatadi, har bir yangi savol turi esa unga duch kelishingizdan oldin tushuntiriladi.
Vaqt bilan fikrlang va aniq yozing,Oʻqituvchingiz
Brauzeringizda inglizcha ovoz yoʻq, shuning uchun tinglash tugmalari yashirilgan. Hammasi sahifada yozilgan.
Bugun nimani oʻzlashtiramiz
- 12shakl: 3 zamon × 4 aspekt
- 97 ball darajasidagi yangi IELTS savol turlari
- 2IELTS oʻqish matni
- 40daqiqa qoʻllanma bilan
Dars oxirida siz
- aspektni maʼnoga qarab tanlaysiz: butun voqea, davom etayotgan harakat, natija yoki bir nuqtagacha davom etgan jarayon
- past perfect va past perfect continuous bilan voqealarni hikoyaning “hozir”idan oldinga qoʻyasiz
- Writing Task 1 prognozlaridagi kabi future perfect va future continuous bilan bashorat qilasiz
- yangi Academic IELTS savol turlariga javob berasiz: rejaga belgi qoʻyish, xususiyatlarni moslashtirish, qisqa javoblar, uchtasini tanlash, doiraviy diagramma, jadval, Part 2 uzun javobi
- was going to, was about to va would bilan oʻtmishdan kelajakka qaraysiz va amalga oshmagan rejalarni payqaysiz
- zamondan yasalgan chalgʻituvchilarni eshitasiz: yakuniy javobdan oldingi “was going to”, “had planned”, “normally”
Oʻqituvchingizdan eslatma
7 ball darajasida imtihonchi zamonlarni sanamaydi. U nazoratni tinglaydi: sababi bilan tanlangan toʻgʻri aspektni, qayta-qayta.
Har bir zamon ortidagi yettita gʻoya
Har bir karta bitta aspektni yoki aspekt maʼnoni qanday oʻzgartirishini koʻrsatadi. Ikkala misolni tinglang va soʻrang: gapiruvchi harakatni qanday koʻryapti?
Simple
Butun voqea yoki fakt
Simple aspekt harakatga tashqaridan, tugagan holda qaraydi: bir paytdagi bitta voqea, odat yoki fakt. Tugagan vaqt bilan (in 1926, last week) yagona tanlov shu.
- The museum opened in 1926.(Muzey 1926-yilda ochilgan.)
- Water boils at 100 degrees.(Suv 100 darajada qaynaydi.)
Continuous
Davom etmoqda: harakatning oʻrtasi
Continuous sizni harakatning ichiga qoʻyadi: bir paytda davom etayotgan, vaqtinchalik yoki boshqa voqea uchun fon. U harakat tugagan-tugamaganini aytmaydi.
- I was cooking when the lights went out.(Chiroqlar oʻchganda men ovqat pishirayotgan edim.)
- They’re renovating our office this month.(Bu oy ofisimizni taʼmirlashyapti.)
Perfect
Bir nuqtadan oldin tugagan
Perfect bir nuqtadan (hozir, oʻtmishdagi yoki kelajakdagi payt) allaqachon tugagan narsaga orqaga qaraydi. Oʻsha nuqtada natija muhim.
- I’ve lost my keys, so I can’t get in.(Kalitlarimni yoʻqotib qoʻydim, shuning uchun ichkariga kira olmayman.)
- By noon, the shop had sold every ticket.(Tushgacha doʻkon barcha chiptalarni sotib boʻlgan edi.)
Perfect continuous
Bir nuqtagacha davom etgan jarayon
Perfect continuous jarayonni bir nuqtagacha oʻlchaydi: qancha vaqt yoki qanday iz qoldirgani. Harakat hali davom etayotgan boʻlishi mumkin.
- You’re out of breath. Have you been running?(Nafasing qisilib qolibdi. Yugurdingmi?)
- He’d been working there for a decade when he resigned.(U isteʼfoga chiqqanida u yerda oʻn yildan beri ishlab kelayotgan edi.)
Kelajak
Oʻshanda davom etadi yoki oʻshangacha tugaydi
Will be + -ing: kelajakdagi bir paytda davom etayotgan. Will have + past participle: kelajakdagi nuqtadan oldin tugagan, odatda by bilan. IELTS prognozlari shu yerda.
- At nine tomorrow, I’ll be giving my presentation.(Ertaga soat toʻqqizda taqdimotimni qilayotgan boʻlaman.)
- By the summer, they’ll have opened the new bridge.(Yozgacha ular yangi koʻprikni ochib boʻlgan boʻladi.)
Munosabat
Aspekt his-tuygʻuni koʻrsata oladi
Always + continuous odatdan gʻashlanishni bildiradi. Past continuous iltimosni yumshoqroq va xushmuomalaroq qiladi.
- She’s always interrupting people.(U doim odamlarning gapini boʻladi.)
- I was wondering if you could help me.(Menga yordam bera olarmikansiz, deb oʻylayotgan edim.)
Oʻtmishdagi kelajak
Oʻtmishdan qaralgan rejalar
Was going to, was about to va would oʻtmishdagi bir paytdan oldinga qaraydi. Was going to va had hoped / had intended to bilan reja koʻpincha amalga oshmagan: IELTS Listening aynan shu chalgʻituvchini yaxshi koʻradi.
- We were going to fly, but in the end we took the train.(Samolyotda uchmoqchi edik, lekin oxiri poyezdda bordik.)
- I had hoped to finish by Friday, but the data arrived late.(Jumagacha tugatishga umid qilgan edim, lekin maʼlumotlar kech keldi.)
Esda tuting!
Har safar ikki savol: Qachon? (zamon) va Men uni qanday koʻraman? (aspekt). Holat feʼllari (know, own, believe) perfect da ham simple boʻlib qoladi.
Aspekt laboratoriyasi
Avval zamon va aspektni tanlang: gapni vaqt chizigʻida, uning maʼnosini va koʻrinishini koʻring. Keyin shu darajada yangi boʻlgan har bir IELTS savol turini oching.
1. Bitta hikoya, oʻn ikki shakl
Zamon va aspektni tanlang. Vaqt chizigʻi gap harakatni qanday koʻrishini koʻrsatadi.
She writes every morning.(U har kuni ertalab yozadi.)
Maʼnosi: a habit or a fact (odat yoki fakt)
2. 7 ball darajasidagi yangi IELTS savol turlari
Savol turini oching: u nimani tekshiradi, qanday javob berish kerak va qaysi tuzoqdan qochish kerak.
ListeningPlan / map labelling
Ogʻzaki tavsif boʻyicha joylar rejada qayerda ekanini.
Qanday javob berish Tinglashdan oldin kirish joyi, kompas va nomli joylarni toping. Gapiruvchining yoʻlidan barmogʻingiz bilan yuring.
Tuzoq Eski joylar: “used to be next to…”, “had been…”. U hozir qayerdaligini kuting.
ListeningMatching (a discussion)
Gapiruvchilar bir nechta narsa haqida nima deyishini.
Qanday javob berish Avval variantlarni oʻqing va ularning boshqacha ifodalarini oʻylang. Savollar tartib bilan keladi, variantlar esa yoʻq.
Tuzoq Siz eshitgan soʻzni ishlatgan, lekin boshqa narsani aytgan variant.
ListeningShort-answer questions
Savolga javob tariqasidagi faktlar va sonlar.
Qanday javob berish Qanday javob kerakligini aniqlang (sonmi? narsami?) va soʻz chegarasini tekshiring.
Tuzoq Savoldagi soʻzlarni qayta yozib, chegaradan oshib ketish.
ReadingMatching features
Gap qaysi odamga (yoki sana, joyga) tegishli ekanini.
Qanday javob berish Avval matndagi barcha ismlarni toping, keyin har birining atrofidagi gaplarni oʻqing.
Tuzoq Har bir odamni faqat bir marta ishlatish mumkin deb oʻylash.
ReadingShort-answer questions
Matndagi aynan soʻzlar.
Qanday javob berish Javoblar matn tartibida keladi. Soʻzlarni aynan koʻchiring; chegaradan oshmang.
Tuzoq Soʻz shaklini oʻzgartirish yoki ortiqcha soʻz qoʻshish.
ReadingSummary completion (words from the text)
Matnning bir qismi maʼnosini boshqa soʻzlar bilan.
Qanday javob berish Umumlashtirilayotgan qismni toping, keyin boʻshliq grammatikasiga mos aynan soʻzni.
Tuzoq Grammatikaga mos, lekin maʼnoni oʻzgartiradigan soʻz.
ReadingChoose THREE letters
Yettitadan uchta toʻgʻri javob.
Qanday javob berish Har bir variantni matn bilan tekshiring. Har birini ha, yoʻq yoki aytilmagan deb belgilang.
Tuzoq “Deyarli toʻgʻri” variantlar: some → most, reduce → replace entirely.
WritingTask 1: pie charts and tables
Ulushlar va taqqoslashlar, baʼzan prognoz bilan.
Qanday javob berish Eng katta oʻzgarishlar haqida umumiy sharh bering; oʻtgan maʼlumot uchun past, prognoz uchun “will have” ishlating.
Tuzoq Har bir sonni sanab chiqish yoki kamaygan ulush uchun “will increase to”.
SpeakingPart 2: the long turn
Topshiriq kartasi boʻyicha ikki daqiqa gapirish.
Qanday javob berish Bir daqiqalik tayyorgarlikda vaqt chizigʻini rejalashtiring: oʻshanda, shundan beri, hozir, kelajakda.
Tuzoq Ikki daqiqa davomida bitta zamonda qolish.
Oʻqituvchingizdan eslatma
Zamonni qoldirib, faqat aspektni oʻzgartiring: vaqt chizigʻidagi shakl va u bilan birga maʼno qanday oʻzgarishini kuzating. Keyin Meni sinang tugmasini bosing: men vaqt chizigʻini chizaman, siz shaklni topasiz. Ketma-ket beshtasini topa olasizmi?
Aspektni tanlaydigan vaqt belgilari
Bu soʻz va iboralar koʻpincha bitta aspekt bilan keladi. Ular qoida emas, ishora: har doim maʼnoni tekshiring.
Perfect: bir nuqtagacha tugagan
Natijaga orqaga qarash.
- already(allaqachon)
- yet(hali)
- so far(hozircha)
- ever(hech qachon (savolda))
- just(hozirgina)
- by the time(…gan paytga kelib)
Perfect continuous: qancha vaqt
Bir nuqtagacha oʻlchangan jarayon.
- for hours(soatlab)
- all day(kun boʻyi)
- since morning(ertalabdan beri)
- how long(qancha vaqtdan beri)
- lately(soʻnggi paytlarda)
Continuous: davom etmoqda
Harakatning oʻrtasi yoki vaqtinchalik holat.
- while(…yotganda)
- at that moment(oʻsha paytda)
- this time next week(kelasi hafta shu paytda)
- still(hali ham)
- currently(hozirda)
Bitta feʼl, boshqa aspekt
Shakldagi bitta kichik oʻzgarish — boshqa hikoya. Solishtirish uchun bosing, keyin Test me ni bosing.
I’ve read / I’ve been reading
Tugagan natijami yoki davom etishi mumkin boʻlgan jarayonmi?
Qanday farqlash mumkin I’ve read the novel twice: tugagan, sanalgan. I’ve been reading a novel: davom etmoqda, tugamagan.
They left / they had left
Men kelganimdan keyinmi yoki oldinmi?
Qanday farqlash mumkin When I got there, they left: men keldim, keyin ular ketdi. When I got there, they had left: ular allaqachon ketgan edi.
I’ll be working / I’ll have finished
Kelajakdagi paytda davom etadimi yoki oʻshangacha tugaydimi?
Qanday farqlash mumkin At six, I’ll be working: ishning oʻrtasida. By six, I’ll have finished work: oltigacha tugagan.
We drove / we were going to drive
Bu sodir boʻldimi yoki faqat reja edimi?
Qanday farqlash mumkin We drove to Khiva: sodir boʻldi. We were going to drive to Khiva: reja, undan keyin odatda but keladi. Keyingi gapni kuting.
IELTS da ishlating
Band 7 va undan yuqori grammatik xilma-xillikni koʻrsatadigan qoliplar. Tinglang, takrorlang va har biridan oʻz variantingizni tuzing.
Speaking Part 1: I’ve been learning the piano for about three years.
(Taxminan uch yildan beri pianino chalishni oʻrganyapman.)
Hozirgacha davom etayotgan jarayon: perfect continuous.
Speaking Part 2: Before I moved to the capital, I had never used the metro.
(Poytaxtga koʻchishdan oldin metrodan hech foydalanmagan edim.)
Boshqa oʻtgan voqeadan oldin: past perfect.
Speaking Part 3: By 2050, I think most cars will have become electric.
(Menimcha, 2050-yilga kelib koʻp mashinalar elektr mashinaga aylangan boʻladi.)
Kelajakdagi nuqtagacha tugaydigan bashorat: future perfect.
Writing Task 1: The number of tourists had tripled by 2010.
(2010-yilga kelib sayyohlar soni uch baravar oshgan edi.)
Diagrammadagi oʻtgan nuqtadan oldin tugagan oʻzgarish.
Writing Task 1: By 2040, the proportion of older people is expected to have risen to 25%.
(2040-yilga kelib keksalar ulushi 25% gacha oshgan boʻlishi kutilmoqda.)
Prognoz: “is expected to have + past participle”.
Writing Task 2: Over the last few decades, social media has changed how people form opinions.
(Soʻnggi bir necha oʻn yillikda ijtimoiy tarmoqlar odamlarning fikr shakllantirish usulini oʻzgartirdi.)
Hozirgacha boʻlgan davr: present perfect.
IELTS Speaking Part 3: taʼlim va oʻzgarish
Part 3 savollari vaqt boʻylab harakatlanadi: qanday edi, qanday oʻzgardi, qanday boʻladi. Nomzodning aspekti savolga qanday ergashishiga eʼtibor bering.
- Imtihonchi
How has education in your country changed in recent years?(Soʻnggi yillarda mamlakatingizda taʼlim qanday oʻzgardi?)
- Nomzod
It’s changed enormously. When my parents were at school, teachers had been using the same textbooks for decades, whereas now lessons are constantly being updated.(Juda katta oʻzgardi. Ota-onam maktabda oʻqiganida oʻqituvchilar oʻn yillab bir xil darsliklardan foydalanib kelgan edi, hozir esa darslar doimiy yangilanib turadi.)
- Imtihonchi
Do you think these changes have been positive?(Sizningcha, bu oʻzgarishlar ijobiy boʻldimi?)
- Nomzod
Mostly, yes, although some teachers have been struggling to keep up with the technology.(Asosan, ha, garchi baʼzi oʻqituvchilar texnologiyadan orqada qolmaslikka qiynalib kelayotgan boʻlsa ham.)
- Imtihonchi
How might schools be different in twenty years?(Yigirma yildan keyin maktablar qanday farq qilishi mumkin?)
- Nomzod
I suspect that by then many schools will have replaced printed books entirely, and pupils will be learning far more at their own pace.(Menimcha, oʻshanda koʻp maktablar bosma kitoblarni butunlay almashtirib boʻlgan boʻladi, oʻquvchilar esa ancha koʻproq oʻz suratida oʻqiyotgan boʻladi.)
IELTS maslahati: uchta javobda uchta vaqt doirasi — past perfect continuous, present perfect continuous, future perfect va future continuous. Band 8 taʼriflaydigan erkin xilma-xillik aynan shu.
Oʻqituvchingizdan eslatma
Shu uchta savolga oʻz mamlakatingiz haqida javob bering. Oʻzingizni yozib oling, keyin har bir feʼlning tagiga chizing va aspektini ayting.
7 ball darajasida ham eshitadigan xatolarim
Kuchli oʻquvchilar ham, odatda imtihon bosimi ostida, bu xatolarni qiladi. Sababini oʻqing va toʻgʻri gapni tinglang.
Notoʻgʻri: I am living here since 2015.Toʻgʻri: I’ve been living here since 2015.(2015-yildan beri shu yerda yashayman.)
Since hozirgacha oʻlchaydi: present emas, present perfect (continuous).
Notoʻgʻri: I have finished school in 2020.Toʻgʻri: I finished school in 2020.(Maktabni 2020-yilda tugatganman.)
Tugagan vaqt (in 2020): past simple.
Notoʻgʻri: When we arrived, the concert already started.Toʻgʻri: When we arrived, the concert had already started.(Biz kelganimizda konsert allaqachon boshlangan edi.)
U biz kelishimizdan oldin boshlangan: past perfect.
Notoʻgʻri: By next year, I will graduate from university.Toʻgʻri: By next year, I’ll have graduated from university.(Kelasi yilgacha universitetni bitirgan boʻlaman.)
By + kelajakdagi nuqta: undan oldin tugagan, future perfect.
Notoʻgʻri: I have been owning this car for five years.Toʻgʻri: I’ve owned this car for five years.(Bu mashina besh yildan beri meniki.)
Own — holat feʼli: “for” bilan ham continuous boʻlmaydi.
Notoʻgʻri: She has been writing two essays today.Toʻgʻri: She’s written two essays today.(U bugun ikkita insho yozdi.)
Bir nechta tugagan narsa: perfect simple.
Notoʻgʻri: In 2010 the figure has reached its peak. (Writing Task 1)Toʻgʻri: In 2010, the figure reached its peak.(2010-yilda koʻrsatkich eng yuqori nuqtasiga yetdi.)
Diagrammadagi oʻtgan yil: past simple.
Notoʻgʻri: The tram line was built. (matnda: “had been planning a tram line before the funding was cut”)Toʻgʻri: The tram line was planned but never built.(Tramvay liniyasi rejalashtirilgan, lekin hech qachon qurilmagan.)
IELTS Reading: “had been planning … before” bu sodir boʻldi degani emas. Gap — FALSE.
Notoʻgʻri: I would call you yesterday, but I forgot.Toʻgʻri: I was going to call you yesterday, but I forgot.(Kecha sizga qoʻngʻiroq qilmoqchi edim, lekin esimdan chiqibdi.)
Amalga oshmagan reja: was going to. Bu yerda “would” oʻtmishdagi odat yoki shartdek eshitiladi.
Mashqlar, qisma-qism
Oʻquvchilaringiz boshlashidan oldin: sakkiz qismning har biri nimani soʻrashi va ishlangan misol. 1–2-qismlar grammatikani mashq qildiradi; 3–7-qismlar — Academic IELTS, 7 ball darajasidagi yangi savol turlari bilan; 8-qism hammasini tekshiradi.
8 qismdan 1-qism · Grammatika
What Aspect Adds
Har bir aspekt maʼnoga nima qoʻshadi: tugagan natija yoki jarayon, oldin yoki davomida.
- Natija yoki jarayon? (saralash)
- Shakl bizga nima deydi?
- Shaklni tanlang
- Feʼlni yozing
Qanday ishlaydi Oʻquvchilar gaplarni tugagan natija va davom etayotgan jarayonga ajratadi, shakl nimani bildirishini izohlaydi, keyin shakllarni tanlaydi va yozadi.
Misol
I ___ (lose) my phone, so I can’t call you.
Javob: have lost
Natijasi hozir muhim boʻlgan tugagan harakat: present perfect simple.
Oʻqituvchi uchun Yuqoridagi Aspekt laboratoriyasi eng yaxshi tayyorgarlik: tugmani bosishdan oldin oʻquvchilar vaqt chizigʻidagi shaklni taxmin qilsin.
1-qismni ochish →8 qismdan 2-qism · Grammatika
Aspect in Context
Butun matnlarda past, present va future perfect va continuous shakllar; oʻtmishdagi kelajak (was going to, was about to, would); xatolarni tuzatish.
- Ochiq cloze: beshta feʼlli matn
- Shaklni tanlang
- Feʼlni yozing
- Toping va tuzating
Qanday ishlaydi Oʻquvchilar har bir feʼl boshqalarga bogʻliq boʻlgan qisqa matnni toʻldiradi, keyin alohida gaplarda shakllarni tanlaydi, yozadi va tuzatadi.
2-qismni ochish →Misol
By the time the ambulance arrived, the man ___ (stop) breathing.
Javob: had stopped
Boshqa oʻtgan voqeadan oldin: past perfect.
8 qismdan 3-qism · Academic IELTS
IELTS Listening
Qaydlarni toʻldirish, rejaga belgi qoʻyish, suhbatda moslashtirish, qisqa javobli savollar, chalgʻituvchili test.
- Qaydlarni toʻldirish
- Rejaga belgi qoʻyish (yangi)
- Moslashtirish (yangi)
- Qisqa javobli savollar (yangi)
- Test (multiple choice)
Qanday ishlaydi Rejada darvoza, kompas va harfli binolar bor; oʻquvchilar har bir joy uchun harf tanlaydi. Moslashtirishda ikki talaba toʻrtta usulni muhokama qiladi, variantlar boshqacha ifodalangan. Qisqa javoblar: IKKI SOʻZ VA/YOKI SONDAN OSHMASIN.
Misol
Eshitasiz: “The talk was going to be in the hall, but it has moved to room 4.” Where is the talk?
Javob: room 4
“was going to” eski rejani bildiradi: chalgʻituvchi.
Oʻqituvchi uchun Barcha matnlar va javoblar quyidagi “Matnlar va javoblar” boʻlimida. Har bir topshiriqdan keyin “Qaysi soʻzlar javobni aytdi?” deb soʻrang.
3-qismni ochish →8 qismdan 4-qism · Academic IELTS
IELTS Reading: Research
Xususiyatlarni moslashtirish, maʼlumotni moslashtirish, TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN, qisqa javobli savollar, matndagi soʻzlar bilan xulosani toʻldirish.
- Xususiyatlarni moslashtirish (yangi)
- Maʼlumotni moslashtirish
- TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN
- Qisqa javobli savollar (yangi)
- Xulosani toʻldirish (yangi)
Qanday ishlaydi Bitta matn — “Reading the ice: how glaciers record the past”, A–E xatboshilar, uchta tadqiqotchi nomi bilan. Xususiyatlar: bitta tadqiqotchi bir nechta gapga mos kelishi mumkin. Xulosa: matndan FAQAT BITTA SOʻZ.
4-qismni ochish →Misol
Matn: “By 1990, the lake had already shrunk by half.” Gap: “The lake began to shrink after 1990.”
Javob: FALSE
Past perfect kichrayishni 1990-yildan oldinga qoʻyadi.
8 qismdan 5-qism · Academic IELTS
IELTS Reading: Argument
Sarlavhalarni moslashtirish, YES / NO / NOT GIVEN, uchtasini tanlash, gap oxirlari, muallif maqsadi.
- Sarlavhalarni moslashtirish
- YES / NO / NOT GIVEN
- Uchtasini tanlang (yangi)
- Gap oxirlari
- Muallif maqsadi
Qanday ishlaydi Bitta fikr matni — “Is the lecture past its prime?”, A–E xatboshilar. Uchtasini tanlashda yettita variant bor; ikkita tuzoq “some” ni “most” ga yoki “reduce” ni “replace entirely” ga almashtiradi.
5-qismni ochish →Misol
Matn: “Some schools have shortened the day, and I believe the rest should do the same.” Gap: “All schools should shorten the day.”
Javob: YES
“the rest should do the same” = muallif hamma maktablar shunday qilishini xohlaydi.
8 qismdan 6-qism · Academic IELTS
IELTS Writing: Academic
Task 1: doiraviy diagramma va jadvallar (yangi) hamda chiziqli grafik. Task 2: rasmiy inshoda vaqt doiralari.
- Task 1: doiraviy diagramma (yangi)
- Task 1: jadval (yangi)
- Task 1: feʼlni yozing
- Toping va tuzating
- Task 2: eng yaxshi gap
- Ikkitasini tanlang
Qanday ishlaydi Oʻquvchilar ekrandagi doiraviy diagramma va jadvallarni oʻqib, toʻgʻri gaplarni tanlaydi, keyin gaplarni toʻgʻri vaqt doirasi bilan toʻldiradi: oʻtgan maʼlumot uchun past simple, nuqtadan oldingisi uchun past perfect, prognoz uchun future perfect.
Misol
By 2035, the share of solar power ___ (rise) to 40%.
Javob: will have risen
Kelajakdagi nuqtagacha tugaydigan prognoz.
Oʻqituvchi uchun Bu qismdan keyin oʻquvchilardan doiraviy diagrammalar haqida bitta future perfect bilan toʻrt gapli umumiy sharh yozishni soʻrang.
6-qismni ochish →8 qismdan 7-qism · Academic IELTS
IELTS Speaking
Band 8 darajasidagi Part 1 va Part 3 javoblari hamda zamon bilan tartiblangan Part 2 uzun javobi.
- Qaysi javob yuqoriroq ball oladi?
- Javobni toʻldiring
- Part 2: uzun javobni tartiblang (yangi)
Qanday ishlaydi Oʻquvchilar har bir savolga uchta javobni solishtiradi, javoblarni toʻgʻri shakl bilan toʻldiradi va vaqt belgilariga ergashib Part 2 uzun javobini gaplaridan qayta tuzadi.
7-qismni ochish →Misol
“Part 3: How have holidays changed in your country?”
Javob: Most families used to stay with relatives, but more and more have started travelling abroad.
8 qismdan 8-qism · Test
Final Boss
1–7-qismlardagi hamma narsa.
- 16 ta aralash savol
- Har biriga bitta urinish
- Oʻtish bali: 80%
Qanday ishlaydi Ikkinchi urinishsiz oʻn olti savol, oxirida toʻrtta oʻqish savoli (ikkala matn). Oʻtish uchun 80% kerak, qayta urinish mumkin.
Oʻqituvchi uchun Uni dars yakunidagi test sifatida ishlating.
8-qismni ochish →
Matnlar, yozuvlar va javoblar
IELTS qismlarida ishlatilgan har bir matn va yozuv, javoblar kaliti yopiq holda. Darsdan oldin oʻqing; sinf bilan javoblarni tekshirganda kalitni oching.
Audio (matni) · 3-qism
Talk: the history of the observatory
The observatory was built in 1872. Before that, astronomers had been working from the roof of the old library. By 1900, they had recorded the positions of more than eight thousand stars. Today, students are using the observatory to study comets, and by next year a new telescope will have been installed.
Javoblar kaliti (5 ta savol)Oʻqituvchi uchun — javoblarni koʻrish uchun bosingJavoblarni yashirish uchun bosing
- Built in: ___1872
- Earlier, astronomers worked on the roof of the old ___library
- By 1900: the positions of over ___ stars recorded8000
- Students now study: ___comets
- Next year: a new ___ installedtelescope
Audio (matni) · 3-qism
Plan: Riverside Science Park
Welcome to Riverside Science Park. As you come in through the main gate, the building on your left, at the corner, is reception, where you’ll collect your badge. The café had been next to reception for years, but last spring it moved: it’s now on the other side of the avenue, right next to the lake. The robotics lab is in the north-east corner, at the very end of the avenue, and the large building between the robotics lab and the narrow tower is the lecture theatre. We were going to put the gift shop near the gate, but in the end it’s the long building behind the café, facing the car park.
Javoblar kaliti (5 ta savol)Oʻqituvchi uchun — javoblarni koʻrish uchun bosingJavoblarni yashirish uchun bosing
- ReceptionA
- CaféF
- Lecture theatreC
- Robotics labD
- Gift shopG
Audio (matni) · 3-qism
Two students discuss their research methods
Woman: The online questionnaire was a nightmare. We’d planned to finish it in a week, but it took nearly a month. Man: True, but the interviews were worth it. I think they gave us the most reliable data of everything we did. Woman: Agreed. And the traffic counts — we’ll have to do those again next term, because half the counters failed. Man: And the GPS tracking was completely new to us. None of us had ever used that kind of software before. Woman: At least nothing was cancelled because of the weather.
Javoblar kaliti (4 ta savol)Oʻqituvchi uchun — javoblarni koʻrish uchun bosingJavoblarni yashirish uchun bosing
- the online questionnaireB — It took longer than they had expected.
- the interviewsD — It produced the most reliable data.
- the traffic countsC — It will have to be repeated next term.
- the GPS trackingF — They had never used it before.
Audio (matni) · 3-qism
Short recordings: short answers and distractors
Until 1998, the researchers had been measuring the glacier with ropes and stakes. Since then, they have been using drones.
By the end of this decade, the team will have mapped about four hundred glaciers, which is twice the original target.
The glacier had already lost a third of its ice before the first satellite images were taken in 1972.
The seminar was going to be on Thursday, and then we moved it to Friday, but because the guest speaker’s flight has been cancelled, it’ll now be held next Monday.
I had been thinking of studying medicine, and I’d even applied for a biology course, but in the end I’ve chosen economics.
By the time the library reopens in September, it will have been closed for eighteen months, not twelve, as was originally announced.
The museum normally opens at nine, and it was opening at ten during the renovation, but from next week it’ll be opening at half past eight.
Javoblar kaliti (7 ta savol)Oʻqituvchi uchun — javoblarni koʻrish uchun bosingJavoblarni yashirish uchun bosing
- What have the researchers been using since 1998?drones
- How many glaciers will the team have mapped by the end of the decade?400
- How much of its ice had the glacier lost before the first satellite images?a third
- When will the seminar take place?next Monday
- Which subject has the speaker chosen?economics
- How long will the library have been closed when it reopens?18 months
- What time will the museum open from next week?8:30
Oʻqish matni · 4-qism
Reading the ice: how glaciers record the past
AFor more than a century, scientists have been visiting mountain glaciers to measure how far they have retreated. The earliest records were simple: a painted rock marked the point the ice had reached, and a returning visitor noted how far it had moved. By the 1950s, however, researchers had begun to realise that glaciers held a far richer archive within the ice itself.
BEach winter’s snow is gradually compressed into a new layer of ice, trapping tiny bubbles of air. According to the Swiss glaciologist Anna Keller, these bubbles are “time capsules”: by analysing them, her team has reconstructed the composition of the atmosphere over the past eight hundred years. Keller stresses that the method only works where the ice has never melted, which rules out many lower glaciers.
COther researchers have focused on what the ice is losing. Since 2005, the Chilean geographer Tomás Rivas has been photographing the same twelve glaciers from fixed points every summer. His images show that several of them had already lost more than half their length before his project began. Rivas argues that photographs persuade the public in a way that statistics rarely do.
DSatellites have transformed the field. Dr Mei Lin, who has been working with satellite data since the early 2000s, estimates that the world’s glaciers lost around 270 billion tonnes of ice per year during the last two decades. However, she warns that satellite measurements must still be checked against observations on the ground.
ELooking ahead, the picture is sobering. If current trends continue, Lin predicts, many glaciers in the Alps will have disappeared by 2100. Keller, by contrast, believes the most urgent task is scientific rather than political: researchers must keep drilling the remaining high-altitude ice for as long as it survives, because once it has melted, the record it contains will be lost for ever.
Javoblar kaliti (24 ta savol)Oʻqituvchi uchun — javoblarni koʻrish uchun bosingJavoblarni yashirish uchun bosing
- Images can influence people more than numbers.B — Tomás Rivas
- One technique cannot be used on every glacier.A — Anna Keller
- Data from space needs to be confirmed by fieldwork.C — Mei Lin
- Ice must be sampled before it disappears.A — Anna Keller
- Some Alpine glaciers may not exist at the end of the century.C — Mei Lin
- Which paragraph contains a prediction about one mountain region?E
- Which paragraph contains an explanation of how layers of ice form?B
- Which paragraph contains a reference to an early, simple method of measurement?A
- Which paragraph contains a figure for the ice lost worldwide each year?D
- Which paragraph contains a claim about the persuasive power of images?C
- The first glacier records were made using marked rocks.TRUE
- Keller’s team analysed the air bubbles in a laboratory in Switzerland.NOT GIVEN
- Rivas started photographing glaciers in the 1990s.FALSE
- Some glaciers had lost over half their length before Rivas began his project.TRUE
- Lin believes satellite data no longer needs to be checked on the ground.FALSE
- Lin has received an award for her satellite research.NOT GIVEN
- What did early researchers use to mark how far the ice had reached?a painted rock
- What does Keller call the air bubbles in the ice?time capsules
- How many glaciers does Rivas photograph every summer?twelve
- Since when has Lin been working with satellite data?the early 2000s
- Snow is compressed into layers of ice that trap small ___ of air.bubbles
- Photographs taken from fixed points can persuade the ___ better than statistics.public
- Satellite data suggest that glaciers lose about 270 billion tonnes of ___ a year.ice
- Once the high-altitude ice has ___, the record it contains will be lost.melted
Oʻqish matni · 5-qism
Is the lecture past its prime?
AThe university lecture has survived for almost nine hundred years. Long before printed books had become affordable, a lecturer read aloud from a precious manuscript while students copied every word. Critics now argue that, in an age when every text is available online, this ritual has outlived its purpose. In my view, they are only half right.
BIt is true that the traditional lecture has rarely been an efficient way to transmit information. Studies have repeatedly shown that students who have been listening passively for an hour remember surprisingly little. Universities that have replaced some lectures with active seminars have generally seen exam results improve, and I find this evidence hard to dismiss.
CYet a good lecture was never simply about information. At its best, it shows students how an expert thinks: how she weighs evidence, admits uncertainty and changes her mind. A recorded video can capture this too, of course, but I suspect that few students who watch lectures at double speed on their laptops experience it in the same way.
DThe real problem, I would argue, is not the lecture itself but its length and frequency. Many students are still sitting through twenty hours of lectures a week, which leaves little time for the reading and discussion that deep learning requires. Some universities have already reduced this to eight or ten hours, and I believe others should follow.
EBy the end of this decade, many institutions will have redesigned their courses around online materials. That is no bad thing. But if they abolish the lecture altogether, they will have lost something that no technology has yet replaced: the experience of thinking alongside a skilled mind in real time.
Javoblar kaliti (17 ta savol)Oʻqituvchi uchun — javoblarni koʻrish uchun bosingJavoblarni yashirish uchun bosing
- Heading for paragraph Ai — An ancient tradition under attack
- Heading for paragraph Bii — Weak results from passive learning
- Heading for paragraph Ciii — More than a transfer of facts
- Heading for paragraph Div — Too much of a good thing
- Heading for paragraph Ev — A warning about the future
- Critics of the lecture are completely correct.NO
- Evidence about active seminars should be taken seriously.YES
- Watching recorded lectures at double speed gives the same experience as a live lecture.NO
- Online materials are more expensive to produce than lectures.NOT GIVEN
- Students should spend fewer hours in lectures.YES
- Lecturers are better paid today than in the past.NOT GIVEN
- Which THREE claims does the writer make?Passive listening leads to poor memory of the content. + A live lecture can show how an expert reasons. + Universities should reduce the number of lecture hours.
- In the past, lecturers read aloud …because printed books had not yet become affordable.
- Universities that have introduced active seminars …have generally seen better exam results.
- Students who attend twenty hours of lectures a week …have little time left for reading and discussion.
- If universities abolish the lecture completely, …they will have lost a valuable experience.
- What is the writer’s main purpose?to argue that lectures should be reformed rather than abolished
Savollarimga javob bera olasizmi?
Toʻliq gaplar bilan ovoz chiqarib javob bering, keyin kartani oching.
“I’ve written the report” va “I’ve been writing the report” ning farqi nima?
Tuzating: “I have been knowing him since school.”
“When I phoned, she had left the office” da nega “had left”?
Toʻldiring: “By 2040, the population ___ (reach) ten million.”
Qaysi biri yumshoqroq: “I hoped you could help” yoki “I was hoping you could help”?
Xususiyatlarni moslashtirishda bitta odam ikkita gapga mos kelishi mumkinmi?
Chegara “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER”. “about 400” mumkinmi?
Eshitasiz: “We had planned to go by train, but we drove.” Ular nimada borishdi?
Eshitasiz: “I was about to leave when the phone rang.” Gapiruvchi qoʻngʻiroqdan oldin ketdimi?
Oʻqituvchingizdan eslatma
Sakkizta yoki koʻproqmi? Ajoyib: mashqlarni boshlang. Kamroqmi? Asosiy gʻoyalar va Aspekt laboratoriyasiga qayting.
Jiddiy mashq uchun qoʻshimcha manbalar
7 ball darajasida eng koʻp narsani haqiqiy materialdan oʻrganasiz. Bu darsdan keyin har kuni bitta mashq qiling.
- Cambridge DictionaryGrammatikaPresent perfect continuous“have been + -ing” qachon ishlatiladi va present perfect simple dan qanday farq qiladi.(yangi oynada ochiladi)
- British Council · LearnEnglishGrammatikaPast perfectPast perfect simple va continuous, misollar va mashqlar bilan.(yangi oynada ochiladi)
- British Council · LearnEnglishGrammatikaTalking about the futureIngliz tilida kelajak haqida gapirishning barcha usullari, future continuous va perfect bilan.(yangi oynada ochiladi)
- IELTS (rasmiy)IELTSIELTS sample test questionsHar bir koʻnikma uchun rasmiy namuna savollar, rejaga belgi qoʻyish va xususiyatlarni moslashtirish bilan.(yangi oynada ochiladi)
- BBC Learning EnglishListening6 Minute EnglishDolzarb mavzulardagi qisqa suhbatlar: gapiruvchilar oʻtmish, hozir va kelajak orasida qanday harakatlanishini tinglang.(yangi oynada ochiladi)
Bu darsdan foydalanadigan oʻqituvchilar uchun
Agar bu darsni sinfda oʻtsangiz, men uni taxminan 100 daqiqada shunday oʻtkazaman.
Dars rejasi100 daq
- 5 daqIsinish
Doskaga “I’ve read” va “I’ve been reading” ni yozing. Juftliklar farqni vaqt chizigʻi rasmi bilan tushuntiradi.
- 15 daqAsosiy gʻoyalar va Aspekt laboratoriyasi
Oltita kartani koʻrib chiqing, keyin laboratoriyani ekranga chiqaring. Oʻquvchilar tugmani bosishdan oldin vaqt chizigʻidagi shaklni taxmin qiladi.
- 10 daqSpeaking Part 2 va 3
Juftliklar Part 3 ning uchta savoliga javob beradi, keyin uchta vaqt doirasi bilan bir daqiqalik uzun javob beradi.
- 20 daqIELTS Reading
4- va 5-qismlar imtihon sharoitida. Keyin oʻquvchilar har bir javobni matndagi soʻzlar bilan asoslaydi.
- 15 daqIELTS Listening
3-qism quloqchin bilan. Reja uchun oʻquvchilar avval darvoza va kompasni belgilaydi, keyin yoʻlga ergashadi.
- 25 daqAcademic Writing
6-qism birgalikda, keyin oʻquvchilar doiraviy diagrammalar haqida bitta future perfect bilan Task 1 umumiy sharhini (taxminan 60 soʻz) yozadi.
- 10 daqUy vazifasi
1, 2, 7 va 8-qismlar hamda qoʻshimcha manbalardan bitta namuna test.
Endi navbat sizda!
7 ball darajasi boʻyicha sakkiz qism: ikki qism grammatika, keyin Academic IELTS — belgi qoʻyiladigan rejali Listening, yangi savol turlari bilan ikkita Reading matni, Writing Task 1 doiraviy diagramma va jadvallari, Band 8 Speaking — va Final Boss.
— Oʻqituvchingiz