3-dars · Dars qoʻllanmasi
Present Perfect for Trends and Changes
Salom, aziz oʻquvchim!
Yana salom! 2-darsda present perfectning ikki shaklini oʻrgandingiz. Bugun ularni Academic IELTSdagi eng muhim vazifalardan biri uchun ishlatamiz: oʻzgarishlarni tasvirlash.
Writing Task 1dagi grafik, diagramma va jadvallarning hammasi oʻzgarish haqida: nima koʻtarildi, nima tushdi va qanchalik tez. Reading matnlari va Task 2 esselari ham tendensiyalar haqida gapiradi: “More students have started to study online.”
Dars oxirida tendensiyani toʻgʻri feʼl, toʻgʻri ravish va toʻgʻri zamon bilan tasvirlay olasiz.
Mashqlarda koʻrishguncha,Oʻqituvchingiz
Brauzeringizda inglizcha ovoz yoʻq, shuning uchun tinglash tugmalari yashirilgan. Hammasi sahifada yozilgan.
Oʻzgarish tili
Tendensiyaning uch qismi bor: yoʻnalish (yuqori yoki past), hajm (koʻp yoki oz) va vaqt.
Yoʻnalish
Yuqoriga va pastga
Yuqoriga: rise, increase, grow, go up. Pastga: fall, decrease, decline, drop, go down. Oʻzgarishsiz: remain stable, stay the same.
- The number of students has increased.
- The dropout rate has fallen.
- The price has remained stable.
Hajm
Katta yoki kichik: ravishlar
Katta: sharply, dramatically, significantly. Kichik: slightly, a little. Bir tekis: steadily, gradually.
- Fees have risen sharply.
- The figure has fallen slightly.
- Numbers have grown steadily.
Xilma-xillik
Feʼl yoki ot: rose sharply → a sharp rise
Imtihonchilar xilma-xillikni qadrlaydi. “Has risen sharply”ni “there has been a sharp rise in…” ga almashtiring.
- There has been a sharp rise in tuition fees.
- There has been a slight fall in the number of applicants.
Karra
Double, triple, halve
×2 = double, ×3 = triple, ÷2 = halve. Soʻzni tejaydi va aniq eshitiladi.
- The number of online students has doubled.
- The cost has almost tripled since 2010.
Esda tuting!
Hozirgacha → present perfect (has risen since 2015). Tugagan vaqt → past simple (rose in 2015).
Tendensiyalar uchun vaqt iboralari
since 2015
hozirgacha → present perfect
over the past ten years
hozirgacha → present perfect
in recent years
hozirgacha → present perfect
between 2010 and 2015
tugagan → past simple
in 2018
tugagan → past simple
Task 1dagi koʻp uchraydigan xatolar
Xato: The number of students has risen in 2018.Toʻgʻri: The number of students rose in 2018.
In 2018 — tugagan vaqt → past simple.
Xato: Fees have increased sharp.Toʻgʻri: Fees have increased sharply.
Feʼldan keyin → ravish (sharply). Otdan oldin → sifat (a sharp increase).
Xato: The number of students has raised.Toʻgʻri: The number of students has risen.
Rise (rose, risen) toʻldiruvchisiz. Raise toʻldiruvchi talab qiladi: The university has raised its fees.
Oʻzingizni tekshiring
200 dan 400 gacha: qaysi feʼl?
Ot iborasiga aylantiring: Prices have fallen slightly.
“Since 2015” yoki “in 2015”: qaysi biri present perfect talab qiladi?
Endi navbat sizda!
8 ta qisqa qism, har biri oldingisidan biroz qiyinroq. Shoshilmang: xato qilib oʻrganamiz.
— Oʻqituvchingiz