12-dars · Dars qoʻllanmasi
Past Perfect Continuous
Salom, aziz oʻquvchim!
Yana salom! 11-darsda uchta oʻtgan zamon bilan hikoya qildingiz. Bugun yana bittasini qoʻshamiz: past perfect continuous, “had been working”.
U oʻtmish haqidagi ikki savolga javob beradi. Qancha vaqt? “She had been working there for ten years when she got a promotion.” Va nega? “He was exhausted because he had been working all night.”
Uni Listeningda odamlar martabasi haqida gapirganda eshitasiz, Readingda ishdagi oʻzgarishlar haqidagi matnlarda koʻrasiz va Speakingda nega qaror qilganingizni tushuntirish uchun ishlatasiz.
Mashqlarda koʻrishguncha,Oʻqituvchingiz
Brauzeringizda inglizcha ovoz yoʻq, shuning uchun tinglash tugmalari yashirilgan. Hammasi sahifada yozilgan.
Had been + -ing ning ikki vazifasi
Qancha vaqt
Oʻtgan lahzagacha davomiylik
For yoki since ishlating. Oʻtgan lahza koʻpincha past simpledagi when-gap boʻladi.
- She had been working there for ten years when she got a promotion.
- We had been waiting since nine when the manager arrived.
Nega
Oʻtgan natijaning sababi
Oʻtmishda koʻrish yoki his qilish mumkin boʻlgan narsa va unga sabab boʻlgan harakat.
- He was exhausted because he had been working all night.
- The ground was wet. It had been raining.
Simple yoki continuous
Nechta → had done
Tugagan narsalar soni yoki holat feʼli (know, own, believe) → past perfect simple.
- By noon, she had written three reports.
- I had known him for years.
Esda tuting!
had been + -ing — oʻtmishdagi bir lahzagacha davom etgan harakat. Hozirgacha → have been + -ing.
Foydali qoliplar
had been working for ten years when…
qancha vaqt + oʻtgan lahza
had been waiting since nine
since + boshlanish nuqtasi
How long had you been…?
soʻroq shakli
was tired because I had been…
natija + sabab
hadn’t been sleeping well
inkor shakli
Koʻp uchraydigan xatolar
Xato: I have been working there for six years when it closed.Toʻgʻri: I had been working there for six years when it closed.
Lahza (when it closed) oʻtmishda → had been.
Xato: She had been writing three reports by noon.Toʻgʻri: She had written three reports by noon.
Tugagan narsalar soni → past perfect simple.
Xato: I had been knowing him for years.Toʻgʻri: I had known him for years.
Know — holat feʼli: -ing yoʻq.
Oʻzingizni tekshiring
“I was tired because I ___ (work) all day.”
“By Friday we ___ (send) 200 emails.” Simple yoki continuous?
“I’m tired. I ___ (work) since six.” had been yoki have been?
Endi navbat sizda!
8 ta qisqa qism, har biri oldingisidan biroz qiyinroq. Shoshilmang: xato qilib oʻrganamiz.
— Oʻqituvchingiz